Pertussis (Whooping Cough)

Whooping cough, also known as pertussis, is a highly contagious respiratory disease caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. The whooping cough vaccination is a crucial preventive measure designed to protect individuals, particularly infants and young children, from this serious illness.

The pertussis vaccine is administered in combination with diphtheria and tetanus, known as the DTPa vaccine for children under 10 years of age and the dTpa vaccine for adolescents (over 10 years) and adults. Vaccination is recommended for infants and children up to 13 years as a specific dose schedule currently funded under the Australian National Immunisation Program (NIP).  Adult vaccinations are recommended for women who are pregnant or breastfeeding, adults at 50 year and 65 years of age.  Routine booster vaccinations are recommended every 10 years for healthcare workers, early childhood educators and carers, and people in close contact with infants (grandparents, friends and relatives).

Vaccination against whooping cough has dramatically reduced the incidence of the disease, which can cause severe coughing fits, difficulty breathing, and complications such as pneumonia, seizures, and even death, especially in infants who are too young to be fully vaccinated. Despite its success, periodic outbreaks still occur, primarily due to waning immunity over time and lower vaccination rates in certain communities. Thus, maintaining high vaccination coverage and timely booster shots are essential to protect vulnerable populations and prevent the spread of pertussis.

The Benefits of Whooping Cough Vaccination

  1. Protection for Infants and Children: The whooping cough vaccine provides direct protection to infants and young children who are most at risk of severe complications from pertussis. By vaccinating on schedule, children develop immunity before they are likely to be exposed to the bacterium.
  2. Herd Immunity: Widespread vaccination contributes to herd immunity, reducing the overall presence of the disease in the community. This helps protect those who cannot be vaccinated, such as newborns or individuals with certain medical conditions.
  3. Reduction in Severe Outcomes: Vaccinated individuals who do contract whooping cough typically experience milder symptoms and are less likely to suffer from serious complications compared to those who are unvaccinated.
  4. Prevention of Outbreaks: High vaccination coverage helps prevent outbreaks of whooping cough, which can strain healthcare systems and cause significant public health challenges.
  5. Long-Term Health Benefits: Maintaining immunity through booster shots in adolescents and adults helps prevent the resurgence of the disease and ensures long-term protection, contributing to overall public health and safety.

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FAQs

What is the whooping cough vaccine?

The whooping cough vaccine, part of a combination vaccine DTPa (for children) or dTpa (for adolescents and adults), which protects against pertussis, diphtheria, and tetanus.

Are there any side effects of the whooping cough vaccine?

Most side effects are mild, including redness or swelling at the injection site, fever, and irritability, which are short-lived and can be relieved with over-the-counter medications. Serious side effects are rare.

Why do adults need a whopping cough booster dose?

Immunity from the childhood vaccine wanes over time. A booster dose helps maintain protection against whooping cough, particularly to prevent spreading it to vulnerable populations like infants. Routine booster vaccinations are recommended every 10 years for healthcare workers, early childhood educators and carers, and people in close contact with infants (grandparents, friends and relatives).

Can pregnant women receive the whooping cough vaccine?

Yes, it is recommended that pregnant women receive the dTpa vaccine during each pregnancy, ideally between 20 and 32 weeks gestation, to protect the newborn from pertussis in the first few months of life.

What should I do if my child misses a scheduled dose?

If a dose is missed, it’s important to catch up as soon as possible. Consult with your healthcare provider to get back on track with the vaccination schedule.