Japanese Encephalitis

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a serious viral infection caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), which is transmitted through the bite of infected mosquitoes similar to dengue or West Nile virus. The disease is prevalent in parts of South-East Asia and the Western Pacific, primarily during the rainy season and pre-harvest period in rice farming.

While most infections are mild with fever, headache and nausea, some infections result in more serious illness which can cause high fever, neck stiffness, confusion, and in severe cases, seizures, paralysis, and death. The JE vaccine is an essential tool for preventing this disease, particularly for travellers to endemic regions and residents of areas with high JE transmission. Those who live or work on the outer islands of Torres Strait should also consider vaccination.

The JE vaccine is typically recommended for individuals who plan to spend prolonged periods (>1 month) in JE-endemic areas or who will be engaged in outdoor activities during transmission seasons in those areas. There are two main types of Japanese encephalitis vaccines: the inactivated (killed) vaccine and the live attenuated vaccine. Dosing schedules vary by type and brand of vaccine, so talk to our pharmacist about which option may be best for you.

The Benefits of Japanese Encephalitis Vaccination

  1. Prevention of Japanese Encephalitis: The primary benefit of Japanese encephalitis vaccination is the prevention of JE infection, reducing the risk of developing encephalitis and its severe complications.
  2. Protection for Travellers: The JE vaccine provides protection for travellers to areas where Japanese encephalitis is endemic or during transmission seasons, reducing the risk of acquiring the disease.
  3. Reduced Disease Burden: Vaccination helps reduce the overall burden of Japanese encephalitis in endemic regions, particularly among high-risk populations such as children and agricultural workers.
  4. Safe and Effective: Japanese encephalitis vaccines have been shown to be safe and effective in preventing JE infection, with both inactivated and live attenuated vaccines providing good immunity.
  5. Public Health Control Measures: Vaccination campaigns in endemic regions contribute to public health efforts to control and eliminate Japanese encephalitis, ultimately reducing the incidence of the disease globally.

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FAQs

What is the Japanese encephalitis vaccine?

The Japanese encephalitis vaccine is an immunisation that protects against Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). There are two types: the inactivated vaccine and the live attenuated vaccine.

Who should get the Japanese encephalitis vaccine?

The vaccine is recommended for travellers to JE-endemic areas, particularly for those spending extended periods (a month or longer) or in rural regions during transmission seasons. It is also be recommended for residents of the outer islands of Torres Strait.

Are there any side effects of the Japanese encephalitis vaccine?

Common side effects may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, headache, and fatigue. Serious side effects are rare.

How is the Japanese encephalitis vaccine administered?

The vaccine is typically given in one or two doses, with the number of doses and schedule depending on the specific vaccine used. Booster doses may be recommended for long-term protection.

Is the Japanese encephalitis vaccine safe for children?

Yes, the vaccine is safe for children as young as 2 months and is recommended for anyone traveling to JE-endemic areas or residing in regions with high JE transmission.

How long does immunity from the Japanese encephalitis vaccine last?

Immunity from the vaccine can last for several years, but booster doses may be recommended every 1-2 years , especially for individuals at continued risk of JE exposure.

Can the Japanese encephalitis vaccine be given with other vaccines?

Yes, the Japanese encephalitis vaccine can be given concurrently with other vaccines. It is often administered as part of a travel vaccine package for individuals travelling to at-risk destinations.